Syllabus
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SYLLABUS
[OPENING SESSION]
Current Status of SESAME: Dr. Amor Nadji (50 min.)
Dr. Nadji (Synchrotron SOLEIL) will give a talk on the current status and activities of SESAME at Jordan.
SR facilities in Japan: Prof. Osamu Shimomura (50 min.)
Prof. Shimomura (Director of Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK) will give a talk on an overview of the synchrotron facilities and their applications in Japan.
Turkish Accelerator Center Project: Dr. Ozgul Kurtulus (Dogus Univ.) (30 min.)
Dr. Ozgul Kurtulus will give a talk on the Turkish Accelerator Center Project.
[LECTURE, SEMINAR and PRACTICE]
Lecture 1 (Machine, SR) Dr. Amor Nadji (Synchrotron SOLEIL) (45 min.)
This lecture will focus on the basics of synchrotron radiation and accelerator physics for generating synchrotron radiation.
Lecture 2 (Beamline) Prof. Kenji Ito (Photon Factory, KEK) (45 min.)
This lecture deals with a general description of the beamlines for SR application in the hard X-ray region and the vacuum-ultraviolet and soft X-ray region. The role and configuration of modern SR beamlines are introduced to understand how to obtain monochromatic and well shaped photon beam for SR application.
Lecture 3 (SX/physics) Prof. Taich Okuda (Hiroshima Univ.) (45 min.)
In this lecture some experimental techniques using Soft X-rays (SX) and Vacuum Ultra Violet light (VUV) and their applications for solid state physics will be addressed. The lecture will include the SX and VUV photoemission spectroscopy, x-ray magnetic dichroism, x-ray photoelectron diffraction and some microscopy techniques using SX light source for the investigation of the physical properties of materials.
Lecture 4 (SX/device) Prof. Hiroshi Kumigashira (The Univ. of Tokyo) (45 min.)
For designing the high-performance devices, it is important to control the electronic and chemical structures at the interface between the different materials. Photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) using synchrotron radiation are powerful experimental techniques to provide the electronic structure at the interface directly. Therefore, these techniques have been developed for precise determination of the electronic structure at the interface and widely used for characterizing the devices. In this lecture, I will introduce the basic principles of PES and XAS and explain what kind of information we obtained from these techniques.
Lecture 5 (BL-MX) Dr. Masaki Yamamoto (RIKEN Harima Institute) (45 min.)
This lecture covers the theoretical and practical aspects of macromolecular crystallography from data collection on synchrotron radiation beamline, through phasing methods (MAD, SAD, IR, MR), to three dimensional model building. Main topics of the lecture are how to solve the macromolecular structure from the diffraction data and the overview of synchrotron radiation beamlines dedicated for macromolecular crystallography.
Lecture 6 (Sample preparation & structural analysis) Prof. Yusuke Yamada (Photon Factory, KEK) (45 min.)
This lecture deals with sample preparation technique including protein over-expression, purification and crystallization essential for macromolecular crystallography. This lecture also covers basis of protein folding and visualization of protein structures.
Lecture 7 (SAX-biology) Prof. Zehra Sayers (Sabanci Univ.) (45 min.)
This lecture deals with the basics of small-angle X-ray scattering technique for studying biological samples.
Lecture 8 (XAFS) Prof. Kiyotaka Asakura (Hokkaido Univ.) (45 min.)
This lecture gives you the idea about what is XAFS, How the XAFS is measured and analyzed, What the XAFS is applied to. I will talk about case studies of some catalyst samples.
1. General introduction to XAFS
2. XAFS measurement and analysis
3. Applications (Au on TiO2 , Cu/Pd and Pt/Pd catalysts)
Lecture 9 (XAFS) Prof. Hitoshi Abe (Keio Univ.) (45 min.)
This lecture gives you general introduction to soft x-ray XAFS. Fundamental concepts, methods to measure spectra, and ways to interpret and analyze them will be provided. In soft x-ray region, we can measure near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) of, for example, C, N, O elements. In addition, magnetic properties of 3d transition metals like Fe, Co, Ni can be studied by carrying out x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) experiments.
Lecture 10 (X-ray Fluorescence Analysis) Prof. Chiya Numako (Tokushima Univ.) (45 min.)
This lecture deals with the basics of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) technique and its applications for environmental and archeological researches.
Seminar 1 (Infrared) Prof. Shin-ichi Kimura (Institute of Molecular Science) (45 min.)
Infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) spectroscopies, which are good probes to detect low-energy electronic structure and vibration modes relating to functionalities of materials, using synchrotron radiation (SR) are introduced. Due to the high brilliance and high intensity properties of SR, IR and THz spectroscopies using SR are good probes for small samples and tiny area with a diffraction limit resolution. The scientific applications and technical aspects are presented.
Seminar 2 (Pump-Probe/Laser) Prof. Shin-ichi Adachi (Photon Factory, KEK) (45 min.)
This seminar focuses on the pulsed nature of synchrotron radiation, and its applications to time-resolved X-ray structural analysis down to picosecond time regime. Time-resolved X-ray measurement enables to take ?movies? at atomic spatial resolution and picosecond time resolution. The technical details and some scientific applications using pulsed laser and X-ray will be demonstrated.
Seminar 3 (Imaging/general) Prof. Wataru Yashiro (The Univ. of Tokyo) (45 min.)
This is a seminar dealing with recent development in X-ray imaging technique, particularly focusing on use of X-ray phase information. This recently developed approach has much higher sensitivities than conventional X-ray imaging techniques using absorption contrast, and provides a powerful way of visualizing inner structures of materials consisting of light elements.
Seminar 4 (SAX-material science) Prof. Yuya Shinohara (The Univ. of Tokyo) (45 min.)
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a powerful tool to investigate structure of non-crystalline/inhomogeneous materials. In this talk, application of SAXS to materials science, especially soft matters, will be presented. Some advanced SAXS technique such as microbeam SAXS, grazing-incidence SAXS, anomalous SAXS, and x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy will be introduced.
Lecture 11 (Structural Physics/BL) Prof. Hironori Nakao (Photon Factory, KEK) (45 min.)
In material science, various intriguing physical properties have been discovered, and an understanding of the origin of physical property is quite important. Crystal structure plays a key role there. In this lecture, x-ray diffraction, which is a conventional technique to elucidate the crystal structure, will be introduced. Then the experimental details and some scientific cases will be presented.
Lecture 12 (Powder Diffraction) Prof. Yoshiki Kubota (Osaka Pref. Univ.) (45 min.)
The fundamental techniques of powder diffraction method using synchrotron light source are introduced. I am going to show what kind of information we can obtain from powder diffraction data and how to obtain them. The key points in sample preparation, measurement method and profile analysis will be demonstrated.
Seminar 5 (Powder Diffraction) Prof. Engin Ozdas (Hacettepe Univ.) (45 min.)
This seminar focuses on practical applications of powder diffraction technique.
Practice 1 (Materials science) Ishibashi, Kubota, Nakao
The basic techniques of crystal structure analysis from synchrotron powder diffraction data will be acquired. This practice includes the following steps:
1. Indexing of diffracted lines and determination of Bravais lattice type.
2. Determination of the precise lattice parameters using Le Bail analysis.
3. Structural refinement using Rietveld method.
4. Visualization of the refined crystal structural data.
Most of this practice will be carried out using PC software.
Practice 2 (Structural biology) Yamamoto, Yamada, Adachi
This course is an introduction to the applications of synchrotron radiation (SR) in X-ray macromolecular crystallography. The students will learn how to solve protein structures through some demonstrations and computation works including data reduction, phasing, model building and structure refinement.
Practice 3 (Electronic structure) Kumigashira, Okuda, Horiba
This Practice focuses on the chemical analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. From the X-ray photoelectron spectra, we can obtain information on constituent elements, compositions, chemical bonding states, and depth profiles of materials. Peak-fitting and depth-profiling analyses of the X-ray photoelectron spectra using PC will be exercised.
Practice 4 (XAFS) Asakura, Abe, Miyamoto
The practice is composed of two parts. You may learn how to analyze the XAFS of Cu and K2MoO4 in the first part (2-3 hours) and how to analyze the magnetic XAFS. We will provide you another 2 -3 hours practice about how to analyze XMCD spectra and obtain magnetic moments. XMCD spectra of Fe thin films will be given as the sample data set. If we have time we will learn FEFF, a theoretical program to calculation XAFS.
Practice 5 (X-ray Fluorescence Analysis) Terada, Numako
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is a useful tool to investigate chemical properties of samples. Examples of set up for XRF experiments at SR facilities (KEK PF, SPring-8) will be explained. As a typical application, analysis of XRF spectrum will be explained using PCs.
Seminar 6 (Structural Biology): Prof. Samar Hassnain (Liverpool Univ.) (45 min.)
This seminar is a summary of synchrotron applications to structural biology, which combines crystallography, XAFS and small angle X-ray scattering techniques.
Seminar 7 (SAXS/WAXS/XRF): Dr. Ali Al-Sawalmih (Max-Planck Inst.) (45 min.)
This seminar focuses on the synchrotron microbeam SAXS/WAXS/XRF applications to materials science.